1).clases de sistemas operativos
ARX
Arthur
RISC OS
AmigaOS
AmigaOS 1.0-3.9 (68k)
AmigaOS 4 (PowerPC)
Amiga Unix ((aka Amix))
Apollo Computer
AEGIS
Domain/OS One of the first network-based systems. Run on Apollo/Domain hardware. Later bought by Hewlett-Packard.
vikek OS
For Apple II
Apple DOS
UCSD Pascal
ProDOS
GS/OS
For Apple III
SOS (Sophisticated Operating System)
For Apple Lisa
Lisa OS
For Apple Newton
Newton OS
Classic Mac OS
System Software 1
System Software 2
System Software 3
System Software 4
System Software 5
System 6
System 7 (codenamed "Big Bang")
Mac OS 8
Mac OS 9
Unix-like operating systems
For Macintosh Computers
For 68k CPUs
A/UX
For PowerPC CPUs
MkLinux
Mac OS X v10.0 (aka "Cheetah")
Mac OS X v10.1 (aka "Puma")
Mac OS X v10.2 (aka "Jaguar")
For PowerPC and Intel CPUs
Mac OS X
Mac OS X v10.4 (aka "Tiger")
Mac OS X v10.5 (aka "Leopard")
For Intel CPUs
Mac OS X
Mac OS X v10.6 (aka "Snow Leopard")
Mac OS X v10.7 (aka "Lion")
Mac OS X Server
For iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad/Apple TV
iOS
Atari
Atari DOS (for 8-bit computers)
Atari TOS
Atari MultiTOS
[edit]
BAE Systems
XTS-400
Be Inc.
BeOS
BeIA
BeOS r5.1d0
magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed by yellowTAB)
Blue Eyed OS
Cosmo
Bell Labs
Unics ("Ken's new system," for its creator (Ken Thompson), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix family of operating systems)
UNIX Time-Sharing System v1
UNIX Time-Sharing System v2
UNIX Time-Sharing System v3
UNIX Time-Sharing System v4
UNIX Time-Sharing System v5
UNIX Time-Sharing System v6
MINI-UNIX
PWB/UNIX
USG
CB Unix
UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.)
Unix System III
Unix System IV
Unix System V
Unix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2
UNIX Time-Sharing System v8
UNIX TIme-Sharing System v9
UNIX Time-Sharing System v10
Non-Unix Operating Systems:
BESYS
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
[edit]
Bull SAS
GCOS
[edit]
Burroughs Corporation
Burroughs MCP
[edit]
Control Data Corporation
COS (Chippewa Operating System)
SIPROS (for Simultaneous Processing Operating System)
SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution)
MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive)
KRONOS (Kronographic OS)
NOS (Network Operating System)
NOS/BE NOS Batch Environment
EP/IX (Enhanced Performance Unix)
Convergent Technologies
Convergent Technologies Operating System (later acquired by Unisys)
Data General
RDOS Real-time Disk Operating System, with variants: RTOS and DOS (not related to IBM PC DOS).
AOS for 16-bit Data General Eclipse computers and AOS/VS for 32-bit (MV series) Eclipses, MP/AOS for microNOVA-based computers
DG/UX
DataPoint
CTOS Z-80 based, Cassette Tape Operating System for early desktop systems. Capable of up to 8 simultaneous users. Replaced by DataPoint DOS.
DOS Intel 808x/80x86-based, Disk Operating Systems for desktop systems. Capable of up to 32 users per node. Supported a sophisticated network of nodes that were often purpose-built. The name DOS was used in these products login screens before it was popularized by IBM, Microsoft and others.
DDC-I, Inc.
Deos Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998
HeartOS Posix-based Hart Real-Time Operating System
Digital Research Inc
Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
CP/M-80 CP/M for Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80
MP/M-80 Multi-user version of CP/M-80
MP/M-86 Multi-user version of CP/M-86
CP/M-68k CP/M for Motorola 68000
CP/M-8000 CP/M for Zilog Z8000
DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant, based on CP/M descendants)
Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first multiuser DOS variant)
Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's [later CCI's. Real's/...] multiuser DOS variant)
Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP
OS/8
ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
Multi-Programming Executive (from HP)
TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10)
WAITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10)
TENEX (from BBN, for the PDP-10)
TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10)
RSTS/E (multi-user time-sharing OS for PDP-11s)
RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
VMS (originally by DEC, now by HP) for the VAX mini-computer range, Alpha and Intel Itanium 2; later renamed OpenVMS)
Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)
RTE HP's Real Time Executive (ran on the HP 1000)
TSB HP's Time Share Basic (yes, it was an operating system, ran on the HP 2000 series)
Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, became HP's Tru64 UNIX)
HP-UX
Ultrix
NonStop Kernel (Originally from Tandem Computers for their line of fault-tolerant platforms; originally called Guardian). It supports concurrent execution of:
Guardian
OSS (POSIX-compliant Open System Services)
ENEA AB
OSE Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processors
OSEck Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for DSPs
OSE ε Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for microcontrollers
Fujitsu
Towns OS
Google
Google Chrome OS is designed to work exclusively with web applications. Announced on July 7, 2009, Chrome OS is set to have a publicly available stable release summer 2011. The Chrome OS source code was released on November 19, 2009 under the BSD license as Chromium OS.
Chromium OS is an open source operating system development version of Google Chrome OS. Both of them are optimized Ubuntu.
Android is an operating system for mobile devices. Android is based in Linux core.
Gould CSD (Computer System Division)
UTX-32, Unix based OS
Green Hills Software
INTEGRITY Reliable Operating system
INTEGRITY-178B A DO-178B certified version of INTEGRITY.
µ-velOSity A lightweight microkernel.
Heathkit/Zenith Data Systems
HDOS; ran on the H8 and Heath/Zenith Z89 series
HT-11 (a modified version of RT-11) ran on the Heathkit H11
Hewlett-Packard
HP Real-Time Executive; ran on HP1000 series computers.
HP Multi-Programming Executive; (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers.
HP-UX; runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers - from small to mainframe-class computers.
HP MIE (Mobile Internet Experience); ran on the HP Mini 100
Honeywell
OLERT-E; Online Executive for Real Time. Ran on Honeywell DDP-516 computers.
Multics
HeartOS
DEOS
Intel Corporation
iRMX; real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.
ISIS-II; "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was THE environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their Intellec Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for PLM (PL/I for microprocessors of the 8080/86 family), a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.
IBM
Further information: History of IBM mainframe operating systems
On early IBM mainframes (1400, 1800, 701, 704, 709, 7090, and 7094)
BESYS (for the IBM 7090)
CTSS (The Compatible Time-Sharing System, developed at MIT's Computation Center for use on a modified IBM 7094)
GM OS & GM-NAA I/O (for the IBM 704)
IBSYS (tape based operating system for IBM 7090 and IBM 7094)
IJMON (A bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs for IBM 1400 and IBM 1800)
SOS (SHARE Operating System, for the IBM 704 and 709)
UMES (University of Michigan Executive System, for the IBM 704, 709, and 7090)
On IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
OS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
OS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture),
Saw customer installations of the following variations:
PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
MVT (Multi-Programming Variable Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture, "OS/370" is not correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, but rather refers to OS/VS2 MVS and MVS/SP Version 1),
Customer installations in the following variations:
SVS (Single Virtual Storage, both VS1 & VS2 began as SVS systems)
OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of MFT II)
OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/MVT but without multiprocessing support)
OS/VS2 R2 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1)
MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)
MVS/SP (MVS System Product)
MVS/XA (MVS/SP V2. MVS supported eXtended Architecture, 31-bit addressing)
MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise System Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces; a Unix environment was available starting with MVS/ESA V4R3)
OS/390 (Upgrade from MVS, with an additional Unix environment)
z/OS (OS/390 supported z/Architecture, 64-bit addressing)
DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
VSE/SP (program product replacing DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
VSE/ESA (DOS/VSE extended virtual memory support to 32-bit addresses (Extended System Architecture)).
z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
CP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)
CP-67/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)
VM/370 (Virtual Machine / Conversational Monitor System, virtual memory operating system for System/370)
VM/XA (VM/eXtended Architecture for System/370 with extended virtual memory)
VM/ESA (Virtual Machine / Extended System Architecture, added 31-bit addressing to VM series)
z/VM (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing)
Further information: History of CP/CMS
TPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines)
ACP (Airline Control Program)
TPF (Transaction Processing Facility)
z/TPF (z/Architecture extension)
Unix-like on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
AIX/370 (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
AIX/ESA (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
OpenSolaris for IBM System z
UTS (developed by Amdahl)
z/Linux
Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes:
BOS/360 (Basic Operating System)
MTS (Michigan Terminal System for IBM System/360)
RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s)[1]
TOS/360 (Tape Operating System)
TSS/360 (IBM's Time Sharing System)
MUSIC/SP (developed by McGill University for IBM System/370)
ORVYL and WYLBUR (developed by Stanford University for IBM System/360)
[edit]
On IBM PC and Intel x86 based architectures
PC DOS / IBM DOS
PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
PC DOS 6.x, 7, 2000
See also: MS-DOS and Windows
OS/2
OS/2 1.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
OS/2 2.x
OS/2 Warp 3
OS/2 Warp 4
eComStation (Warp 4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International)
On other IBM hardware platforms
IBM Series/1
EDX (Event Driven Executive)
RPS (Realtime Programming System)
CPS (Control Programming Support, subset of RPS)
SerIX (Unix on Series/1)
IBM 1130
DMS (Disk Monitor System)
IBM 1800
TSX (Time Sharing eXecutive)
MPX (Multi Programming eXecutive)
IBM 8100
DPCX (Distributed Processing Control eXecutive)
DPPX (Distributed Processing Programming Executive)
IBM System/3
DMS (Disk Management System)
IBM System/34, IBM System/36
SSP (System Support Program)
IBM System/38
CPF (Control Program Facility)
IBM System/88
Stratus VOS (developed by Stratus, and used for IBM System/88, Original equipment manufacturer from Stratus)
AS/400, iSeries, System i, Power Systems i Edition
OS/400 (descendant of System/38 CPF, include System/36 SSP environment)
i5/OS (extends OS/400 with significant interoperability features)
IBM i (extends i5/OS)
UNIX on IBM POWER
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
AOS (a BSD Unix version, not related to Data General AOS)
Others
IBM Workplace OS (Microkernel based operating system, developed and canceled in 1990s)
K42 (open-source research operating system on PowerPC or x86 based cache-coherent multiprocessor systems)
Dynix (developed by Sequent, and used for IBM NUMA-Q too)
International Computers Limited
J and MultiJob for the System 4 series mainframes
GEORGE 2/3/4 GEneral ORGanisational Environment, used by ICL 1900 series mainframes
Executive, used on the 290x range of minicomputers
TME, used on the ME29 minicomputer
ICL VME, including early variants VME/B VME/K, appearing on the ICL 2900 Series and Series 39 mainframes, implemented in S3.
LynuxWorks (originally Lynx Real-time Systems)
LynxOS
Micrium Inc.
MicroC/OS-II (Small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel)
Microsoft
Xenix (licensed version of Unix; licensed to SCO in 1987)
MSX-DOS (developed by MS Japan for the MSX 8-bit computer)
MS-DOS (developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.0–6.22)
Windows 1.0 (Windows 1 - Based on Visi-On) April 30, 1985
Windows 2.0 (Windows 2) December 9, 1987
Windows 3.0 (Windows 3 - Is the first version of Windows to make substantial commercial impact) May 22, 1990
Windows 3.1x (Windows 3.1) March 18, 1992
Windows 3.2 (Chinese-only release) November 19, 1992
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 January 21, 1993
Windows 95 (Windows 4) August 24, 1995
Windows 98 (Windows 4.1) June 25, 1998
Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me - Windows 4.9) September 14, 2000
Windows NT (Full 32-bit kernel, not dependent on MS-DOS)
Windows NT 3.1 March 31, 1994
Windows NT 3.5 September 21, 1994
Windows NT 3.51 May 30, 1995
Windows NT 4.0 July 31, 1996
Windows 2000 (Windows NT 5.0), February 17, 2000
Windows XP (Windows NT 5.1) October 25, 2001
Windows Server 2003 (Windows NT 5.2) April 24, 2003
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (based on Windows XP) July 8, 2006
Windows Vista (Windows NT 6.0) January 31, 2007
Windows Home Server (based on Windows Server 2003) February 28, 2008
Windows Server 2008 (based on Windows Vista) February 28, 2008
Windows 7 (Windows NT 6.1) October 22, 2009
Windows Server 2008 R2 (based on Windows 7) October 22, 2009
Windows Home Server 2011 (based on Windows Server 2008 R2) April 6, 2011
Windows CE (OS for handhelds, embedded devices, and real-time applications that is similar to other versions of Windows) May 30, 2002
Windows CE 3.0 December 25, 2002
Windows CE 5.0 February 27, 2003
Windows CE 6.0 May 5, 2004
Windows Mobile (based on Windows CE, but for a smaller form factor) April 14, 2005
Windows Phone 7 October 21, 2010
Singularity - A research operating system written mostly in managed code (C#) November 30, 2009
Midori - A managed code operating system July 21, 2010
Xbox and Xbox 360 OS custom operating systems May 12, 2005 and August 10, 2006
MontaVista Software
MontaVista Linux
MontaVista Professional Edition
MontaVista Carrier Grade Edition
MontaVista Mobilinux
NCR Corporation
TMX - Transaction Management eXecutivo
Novell
NetWare network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services.
Open Enterprise Server, the successor to NetWare.
Quadros Systems
RTXC Quadros RTOS proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems
QANTEL
BEST - Business Executive System for Timesharing
RCA
TSOS, first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface
RoweBots
Unison RTOS Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS
DSPnano RTOS Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS
Unison/Reliant V3 pSOS derivative RTOS
SCO / The SCO Group[2]
Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture
Xenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture
Xenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture
SCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features
SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO Unix
SCO OpenServer 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based
SCO OpenServer 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments
UnixWare
UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP
UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5
SDS (Scientific Data Systems)
CP Control Program. SDS later acquired by Xerox, then Honeywell.
Berkeley Timesharing System for the SDS 940
SEL (Systems Engineering Laboratories)
Real Time Monitor (RTM)
MPX-32
SYSGO
PikeOS is a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems
TRON Project
TRON (open real-time operating system kernel)
T-Kernel
Unicoi Systems
Fusion RTOS highly prolific, license free Real-time operating system.
DSPOS was the original project which would become the royalty free Fusion RTOS.
Unisys
Unisys OS 2200 operating system
UNIVAC (later Unisys)
EXEC I
EXEC II
EXEC 8 Ran on 1100 series.
VS/9, successor to RCA TSOS
Wang Laboratories
2200T Wang BASIC based system for the multi-user, 2200T systems. Products included a system called Personal Computer before the term was made more popular with IBM products.
2200VP/MVP Wang BASIC based system for the higher performance, 2200VP/MVP multi-user systems. Contained sophisticated micro-code programming for high performance operation.
WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system. Very clever and productive system developed by Harold Kaplow while at Wang. Eventually phased out by the PC and Word Perfect.
OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems. Harold Kaplow was its principal architect. Eventually phased out by the 2200VS.
2200VS IBM assembler instruction set microcode emulation. Supported the Wang 2200VS high-performance, multi-user systems. Designed to be a COBOL developers dream machine. Included some of the OIS operating system code. Eventually phased out by the UNIX operating system.
[edit]
Wind River Systems
VxWorks Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTO
[edit]
Other
[edit]
Lisp-based
Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp and Symbolics Common Lisp. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the DEC Alpha line of computers.
Texas Instruments' Explorer Lisp machine workstations also had systems code written in Lisp Machine Lisp.
The Xerox 1100 series of Lisp machines ran an operating system written in Interlisp that was also ported to virtual machine called "Medley."
Lisp Machines, Inc. also known as LMI, also ran an operating system based on MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.
[edit]
Non-standard language-based
The Mesa programming language was used to implement the Pilot operating system, used in Xerox Star workstations.
PERQ Operating System (POS) was written in PERQ Pascal.
[edit]
Other proprietary non-Unix-like
Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 used for application, job control, system programming [1], implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76).
EOS; developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
EMBOS; developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers
GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
PC-MOS/386; DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
SINTRAN III; an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
THEOS
TRS-DOS; A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their Z80-based line of personal computers.
NewDos/80; A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.
TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS; proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputers
MAI Basic Four; An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
Michigan Terminal System; Developed by a group of American universities for IBM 360 series mainframes
MUSIC/SP; an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM
SkyOS; commercial desktop OS for PCs
TSX-32; a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.
OS ES; an operating system for ES EVM
Prolog-Dispatcher; used to control Soviet Buran space ship.
[edit]
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant
Aegis (Apollo Computer)
Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
CLIX (Intergraph's System V implementation)
Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx was an operating system for MIPS based systems developed by Pyramid Technology)
DG/UX (Data General Corp)
DNIX from DIAB
DSPnano RTOS (POSIX nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source)
Idris workalike from Whitesmiths
INTERACTIVE UNIX (a port of the UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 by INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation)
IRIX from SGI
MeikOS
OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
OS9/68K Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based microcomputers; based on OS-9)
OS-9000 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Intel x86 based microcomputers; based on OS-9, written in C)
OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
OpenStep
QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
Rhapsody (an early form of Mac OS X)
RISC iX - Derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their ARM family of machines.
RISC/os (a port by MIPS of 4.3BSD to the RISC MIPS architecture)
RMX
SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who renamed themselves SCO Group)
SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the RISC MIPS architecture)
Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
SUPER-UX (a port of System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from BSD and Linux for NEC SX architecture supercomputers)
System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
UniFLEX (Unix-like OS from TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, GIMIX, …)
Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
Unison RTOS (Multicore RTOS with DSP Optimization)
[edit]
Non-proprietary
[edit]
Unix-like
[edit]
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant
Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further)
Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
Xinu, (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
[edit]
Free/Open source Unix-like
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
DragonFlyBSD forked from FreeBSD 4.8
NetBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
GNU
μnix (concept unix-like operating system for ATMEL microcontrollers)
Linux (GNU Free/Open Source Operating System Software combined with the Linux kernel)
See also: List of Linux distributions
Darwin
OpenSolaris, contains original Unix (SVR4) code. Now discontinued by Oracle in favor of Solaris 11 Express
OpenIndiana, aims to continue development and distribution of OpenSolaris operating system. Operates under the Illumos Foundation. Uses theIllumos kernel, which is a derivative of OS/Net, which is basically a Solaris/OpenSolaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities.
Nexenta OS, based on the OpenSolaris kernel with Ubuntu packages
Jaris OS, based on OpenSolaris with support for Japanese
RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)
SSS-PC, developed at Tokyo University
Syllable Desktop
VSTa
FMI/OS, successor of VSTa
[edit]
Other Unix-like
TUNIS (University of Toronto)
[edit]
Non-Unix-like
[edit]
Research non-Unix-like
Amoeba (research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum)
Croquet
HelenOS research and experimental operating system
House Haskell User's Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and C.
ILIOS Research OS designed for routing
EROS microkernel, capability-based
CapROS microkernel EROS successor.
Coyotos microkernel EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OS.
L4 Second generation microkernel
Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP)
MONADS, capability-based OS designed to support the MONADS hardware projects
SPEEDOS (Secure Persistent Execution Environment for Distributed Object Systems) builds on MONADS ideas
Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities.
Spring (research OS from Sun Microsystems)
Star-Blade (multipurpose OS from Future Star Technologies Corporation)
V from Stanford, early 1980s[3]
FreeNOS, a microkernel educational operating system
Genode "Operating System Framework" based on L4 microkernel
[edit]
Free/Open source non-Unix-like
FullPliant (programming language-based)
FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
FreeVMS (open source VMS variant)
Haiku (open source inspired by BeOS, under development)
Kinetic (written in Haskell)
MonaOS (written in C++)
ReactOS (Windows NT-compatible OS; currently in early, but active development phase)
OZONE (object-oriented)
MustiOS (156-bits operating system)
[edit]
Disk Operating Systems
Main article: DOS
86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)
PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0 – 7, 2000)
MS-DOS (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x – 6. Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
ProDOS (operating system for the Apple II series computers)
PTS-DOS (DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft)
RDOS by Leif Ekblad (not to be confused with Data General Corporation's "Real-time Disk Operating System" for Data General Nova and Data General Eclipse minicomputers).
TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.) for Z80 and Intel 8086 processor-based systems
Multi-tasking user interfaces and environments for DOS
DESQview+ QEMM 386 multi-tasking user interface for DOS
DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
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Network Operating Systems
Main article: Network operating system
Cambridge Ring
CSIRONET by (CSIRO)
CTOS (Convergent Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
Data ONTAP by NetApp
SAN-OS by Cisco (now NX-OS)
Enterprise OS by McDATA
ExtremeWare by Extreme Networks
ExtremeXOS by Extreme Networks
Fabric OS by Brocade
NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
NOS (developed by CDC for use in their Cyber line of supercomputers)
Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel).
OliOS
Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical)
Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)
XPATH OS by Brocade
JunOS by Juniper
Cisco IOS by Cisco Systems
Web operating systems
Main article: Web operating system
Chrome OS
G.ho.st
eyeOS
DesktopTwo
YouOS
Browser OS
Glide OS
Lucid Desktop
Icloud
Joli OS
Generic/commodity and other
BLIS/COBOL
Bluebottle also known as AOS (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
BS1000 by Siemens AG
BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme)
BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
FutureOS (for Amstrad/Schneider CPC6128 and CPCPlus machines)
GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
JavaOS
JNode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.
KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
MERLIN for the Corvus Concept
MorphOS (Amiga compatible)
MSP by Fujitsu (successor to OS-IV), now MSP/EX,[4] also known as Extended System Architecture (EXA), for 31-bit mode
nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
Oberon (operating system) (developed at ETH-Zürich by Niklaus Wirth et al.) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects.
OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
Pick (often licensed and renamed)
PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)
SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
SymbOS (GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers)
Symobi (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for x86, ARM and PowerPC processors, developed by Miray Software; used and developed further at Technical University of Munich)
TraOS, kin to Darwin? Seems active late 2009
TripOS, 1978
TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)
UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project atUCSD; directed by Prof Kenneth Bowles; written in Pascal)
UMIX, made for the ICFP Programming Contest 2006.
ScaraOS, a 32-bit mutiboot OS kernel for IA32
VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
VM2000 by Siemens AG
VisiOn (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)
aceos under GPL
Miraculix Russian OS, under unknown license.
[edit]
For Elektronika BK
ANDOS
AO-DOS
BASIS
CSI-DOS
DOSB10
DX-DOS
FA-DOS
HC-DOS
KMON
MicroDOS
MK-DOS
NORD
NORTON-BK
RAMON
PascalDOS
RT-11
ROM embedded
RT-11SJ
OS BK-11 (RT-11 version)
Turbo-DOS
BKUNIX
OS/A WASP
[edit]
Hobby
AROS (AROS Research Operating System, formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)
AtheOS (branched to become Syllable Desktop)
Syllable Desktop (a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
BareMetal OS (64-bit mono-tasking OS written in Assembly that includes SMP and Gigabit Ethernet support)
DexOS (Games console OS, for x86, written in FASM)
Dud3 Operating System, a simple command line operating system that has grown significantly in usage. has large user driven community support.
DSPnano RTOS FREE
EROS (Extremely Reliable Operating System)
FAMOS (Foremost Advanced Memory Operating System)
HelenOS, based on a preemptible microkernel design
KolibriOS (a fork of MenuetOS)
LSE/OS
MenuetOS (extremely compact OS with GUI, written entirely in FASM assembly language)
Möbius (an open-source operating system for the IA-32 platform (Intel i386 and compatibles)[5])
MikeOS
NewOS
Shinobi OS (a fork of MikeOS)[6]
Unison RTOS FREE
Visopsys (operating system for PC compatible computers)[7]
TajOS
eSTORM
DreamOS Implemented in Scheme
ChaOS
zephirum OS Aims at bringing SMP to the desktop
[edit]
Embedded
[edit]
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
iOS (a subset of Mac OS X)
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
PenPoint OS
PEN/GEOS
PVOS
Palm OS from Palm, Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
Symbian OS
Windows CE, from Microsoft
Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
Embedded Linux
Android
OpenZaurus
Metano GNU/Linux from Pynell - Embedded Systems.[8] A series of distributions for mobile devices
Ångström distribution
Familiar Linux
webOS from Palm, Inc.
Maemo based on Debian deployed on Nokia's Nokia 770, N800 and N810 Internet Tablets.
MS-DOS on Poqet PC
Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad
VT-OS for the Vtech Helio
Magic Cap
NetBSD
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
Digital media players
DSPnano RTOS
ipodlinux
Pixo OS
RockBox
iOS (a subset of Mac OS X)
iriver clix OS
Smartphones
BlackBerry OS
Embedded Linux
Access Linux Platform
Android
Metano Linux ME/LX Set of operational systems for mobile phones by Metano GNU/Linux series
bada
Openmoko Linux
OPhone
MeeGo (from merger of Maemo & Moblin)
Mobilinux
MotoMagx
Qt Extended
LiMo Platform
webOS
iOS (a subset of Mac OS X)
Palm OS
Symbian platform (successor to Symbian OS)
Windows Mobile (superseded by Windows Phone 7)
Routers
AlliedWare by Allied Telesis (aka Allied Telesyn)
AirOS by Ubiquiti Networks
CatOS by Cisco Systems
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
CyROS by Cyclades Corporation
DD-WRT by NewMedia-NET
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
IOS-XR by Cisco Systems
IronWare by Foundry Networks
JunOS by Juniper Networks
RouterOS by Mikrotik
ROX by Ruggedcom
ScreenOS by Juniper Networks, originally from Netscreen
Timos by Alcatel-Lucent
Unison Operating System by RoweBots
FTOS by Force10 Networks
RTOS by Force10 Networks
MNS (Managed Network Software) by GarrettCom
Other embedded
Contiki
FreeBSD
uClinux
LOCUS[9]
MINIX
NCOS
freeRTOS, openRTOS and safeRTOS
polyBSD (embedded NetBSD)
ROM-DOS
TinyOS
µTasker
ThreadX
DSPnano RTOS
Windows Embedded
Windows CE
Windows Embedded Standard
Windows Embedded Enterprise
Windows Embedded POSReady
Capability-based
LEGO Mindstorms
brickOS
leJOS
ChyanOS
SOOS
Other capability-based
Cambridge CAP computer operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver. Implemented in ALGOL 68C.
Flex machine - The hardware was custom and microprogrammable, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in ALGOL 68.
HYDRA - Running on the C.mmp computer at Carnegie Mellon University, implemented in the programming language BLISS.[10]
KeyKOS nanokernel
EROS microkernel
CapROS EROS successor
Coyotos EROS successor, goal: be first formally verified OS
MONADS, designed to support the MONADS hardware projects.
SPEEDOS builds on MONADS ideas
V from Stanford, early 1980s[3]
jiOS C event scheduler for Arduino Mega 1280. designed to support timed actions.
See also
Comparison of operating systems
Timeline of operating systems
List of real-time operating systems
Category links
Operating systems
Real-time operating systems
Embedded operating systems
2).cuando un sistema operativo es libre o no ?
en el momento en que su creador reclama derechos de autor es un sistema operativo privado
por lo tanto ocurriendo lo contrario se considera un sistema operativa libre...
3). de donde bajamos los driver
Controlador de dispositivo:
Un controlador de dispositivo (llamado normalmente controlador, o, en inglés, driver) es un programa informático que permite al sistema operativo interactuar con un periférico, haciendo una abstracción del hardware y proporcionando una interfaz -posiblemente estandarizada- para usarlo. Se puede esquematizar como un manual de instrucciones que le indica cómo debe controlar y comunicarse con un dispositivo en particular. Por tanto, es una pieza esencial, sin la cual no se podría usar el hardware.
Tipos de controladores:
Existen tantos tipos de controladores como tipos de periféricos, y es común encontrar más de un controlador posible para el mismo dispositivo, cada uno ofreciendo un nivel distinto de funcionalidades. Por ejemplo, aparte de los oficiales (normalmente disponibles en la página web del fabricante), se pueden encontrar también los proporcionados por el sistema operativo, o también versiones no oficiales hechas por terceros.
Debido que el software de controladores de dispositivos se ejecuta como parte del sistema operativo, con acceso sin restricciones a todo el equipo, resulta esencial que sólo se permitan los controladores de dispositivos autorizados. La firma y el almacenamiento provisional de los paquetes de controladores de dispositivos en los equipos cliente, mediante las técnicas descritas en esta guía, proporcionan las ventajas siguientes:
• Seguridad mejorada. Puesto que los usuarios estándar no pueden instalar controladores de dispositivos que no estén firmados o que estén firmados por un editor que no es de confianza, los administradores tendrán un control riguroso respecto a los controladores de dispositivos que pueden usarse en una organización. Podrán impedirse los controladores de dispositivos desconocidos, así como cualquier controlador de dispositivo que el administrador no permita expresamente. Mediante el uso de directivas de grupo, un administrador puede proporcionar a todos los equipos cliente de una organización los certificados de los editores que se consideren de confianza, permitiendo la instalación de los controladores sin intervención del usuario, para comprobar que se trata de una firma digital de confianza.
• Reducción de los costes de soporte técnico. Los usuarios sólo podrán instalar los dispositivos que hayan sido probados y admitidos por la organización. En consecuencia, el sistema permite mantener la seguridad del equipo, al tiempo que se reducen las solicitudes del departamento de soporte técnico.
• Experiencia de usuario mejorada. Un paquete de controladores firmado por un editor de confianza y almacenado provisionalmente en el almacén de controladores funciona de modo automático, cuando el usuario conecta el dispositivo al equipo. No se requiere acción alguna por parte del usuario.
En esta sección se incluyen las tareas principales para la seguridad de los paquetes de controladores de dispositivos:
• Firma de paquetes de controladores de dispositivos
• Implementación de certificados en el almacén de editores de confianza
Creación de controladores:
Normalmente son los fabricantes del hardware quienes escriben sus controladores, ya que conocen mejor el funcionamiento interno de cada aparato, pero también se encuentran controladores libres, por ejemplo en los sistemas operativos libres. En este caso, los creadores no son de la empresa fabricante, aunque a veces hay una cooperación con ellos, cosa que facilita el desarrollo. Si no la hay, el procedimiento necesita de ingeniería inversa y otros métodos difíciles o con riesgos legales.
Los controladores de dispositivo (device drivers en inglés) son programas añadidos al núcleo del sistema operativo, concebidos inicialmente para gestionar periféricos y dispositivos especiales. Los controladores de dispositivo pueden ser de dos tipos: orientados a caracteres (tales como los dispositivos NUL, AUX, PRN, etc. del sistema) o bien orientados a bloques, constituyendo las conocidas unidades de disco. La diferencia fundamental entre ambos tipos de controladores es que los primeros reciben o envían la información carácter a carácter; en cambio, los controladores de dispositivo de bloques procesan, como su propio nombre indica, bloques de cierta longitud en bytes (sectores). Los controladores de dispositivo, aparecidos con el DOS 2.0, permiten añadir nuevos componentes al ordenador sin necesidad de rediseñar el sistema operativo.
Los controladores de dispositivo han sido tradicionalmente programas binarios puros, similares a los COM aunque ensamblados con un ORG 0, a los que se les colocaba una extensión SYS. Sin embargo, no hay razón para que ello sea así ya que un controlador de dispositivo puede estar incluido dentro de un programa EXE, con la condición de que el código del controlador sea el primer segmento de dicho programa. El EMM386.EXE del MS-DOS 5.0 sorprendió a más de uno en su dia, ya que llamaba la atención observar como se podía cargar con DEVICE: lo cierto es que esto es factible incluso desde el DOS 2.0 (pese a lo que pueda indicar algún libro), pero ha sido mantenido casi en secreto. Actualmente es relativamente frecuente encontrar programas de este tipo. La ventaja de un controlador de dispositivo de tipo EXE es que puede ser ejecutado desde el DOS para modificar sus condiciones de operación, sin complicar su uso por parte del usuario con otro programa adicional. Además, un controlador de dispositivo EXE puede superar el limite de los 64 Kb, ya que el DOS se encarga de relocalizar las referencias absolutas a segmentos como en cualquier programa EXE ordinario.
Fallos de controladores:
Al ser una parte crítica del sistema operativo, el fallo de un controlador puede ser más grave que otros errores de software, pudiendo bloquear el ordenador o incluso dañar el hardware.
Debido a que el hardware es (necesariamente) indeterminista, encontrar y solucionar un fallo en un controlador es una tarea complicada ya que no sólo hay que monitorear el programa, sino también el propio dispositivo.
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